大家知道目前PHP的缓存插件一般有三个：APC、eAccelerator、XCache，但未来它们可能都会消失，因为PHP 5.5已经集成Zend Opcache，功能和前三者相似但又有少许不同，缓存速度据说比它们更快（注意：只是据说，我没测试过）。
这几个PHP加速插件的主要原理都相同，就是把PHP执行后的数据缓冲到内存中从而避免重复的编译过程，能够直接使用缓冲区已编译的代码从而提高速度，降 低服务器负载，它们的效率是显而易见的，像drupal这种庞大的CMS，每次打开一个页面要调用数十个PHP文件，执行数万行代码，效率可想而知，在安 装APC等加速器后打开页面的速度明显加快。
Zend Opcache 已经集成在了PHP 5.5里面，编译安装PHP5.5的时候加上–enable-opcache就行了。但也支持低版本的 PHP 5.2.*, 5.3.*, 5.4.*，未来会取消对5.2的支持，下面是我在PHP 5.4下的安装方法：
依次执行下面的命令：
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/zendopcache-7.0.4.tgz
tar xvf zendopcache-7.0.4.tgz
cd zendopcache-7.0.4
phpize
如果找不到phpize 的话自己找PHP路径，我的在/usr/local/php/bin/phpize，下面这行也要按你的php.ini路径自行修改
whereis php-config 找一下 php-config路径
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/php-config
make
make install
如果显示Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/ 表示安装完成，下面要修改php的配置文件让它生效
在 php.ini 的最后面加入下面几行
zend_extension=/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/opcache.so
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
128意思是给它分配128M内存，然后重启apache，用phpinfo查看是否生效，显示下面的信息就说明生效了。
zendopcache图形化php监控代码：
<?php /* OCP - Opcache Control Panel (aka Zend Optimizer+ Control Panel for PHP) Author: _ck_ (with contributions by GK, stasilok) Version: 0.1.6 Free for any kind of use or modification, I am not responsible for anything, please share your improvements * revision history 0.1.6 2013-04-12 moved meta to footer so graphs can be higher and reduce clutter 0.1.5 2013-04-12 added graphs to visualize cache state, please report any browser/style bugs 0.1.4 2013-04-09 added "recheck" to update files when using large revalidate_freq (or validate_timestamps=Off) 0.1.3 2013-03-30 show host and php version, can bookmark with hashtag ie. #statistics - needs new layout asap 0.1.2 2013-03-25 show optimization levels, number formatting, support for start_time in 7.0.2 0.1.1 2013-03-18 today Zend completely renamed Optimizer+ to OPcache, adjusted OCP to keep working 0.1.0 2013-03-17 added group/sort indicators, replaced "accelerator_" functions with "opcache_" 0.0.6 2013-03-16 transition support as Zend renames product and functions for PHP 5.5 (stasilok) 0.0.5 2013-03-10 added refresh button (GK) 0.0.4 2013-02-18 added file grouping and sorting (click on headers) - code needs cleanup but gets the job done 0.0.2 2013-02-14 first public release * known problems/limitations: Unlike APC, the Zend OPcache API - cannot determine when a file was put into the cache - cannot change settings on the fly - cannot protect opcache functions by restricting execution to only specific scripts/paths * todo: Extract variables for prefered ordering and better layout instead of just dumping into tables File list filter */ // ini_set('display_errors',1); error_reporting(-1); if ( count(get_included_files())>1 || php_sapi_name()=='cli' || empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) ) { die; } // weak block against indirect access $time=time(); define('CACHEPREFIX',function_exists('opcache_reset')?'opcache_':(function_exists('accelerator_reset')?'accelerator_':'')); if ( !empty($_GET['RESET']) ) { if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'reset') ) { call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'reset'); } header( 'Location: '.str_replace('?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'],'',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) ); exit; } if ( !empty($_GET['RECHECK']) ) { if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate') ) { $recheck=trim($_GET['RECHECK']); $files=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status'); if (!empty($files['scripts'])) { foreach ($files['scripts'] as $file=>$value) { if ( $recheck==='1' || strpos($file,$recheck)===0 ) call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate',$file); } } header( 'Location: '.str_replace('?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'],'',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) ); } else { echo 'Sorry, this feature requires Zend Opcache newer than April 8th 2013'; } exit; } ?><!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>OCP - Opcache Control Panel</title> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="NOINDEX,NOFOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /> <style type="text/css"> body {background-color: #fff; color: #000;} body, td, th, h1, h2 {font-family: sans-serif;} pre {margin: 0px; font-family: monospace;} a:link,a:visited {color: #000099; text-decoration: none;} a:hover {text-decoration: underline;} table {border-collapse: collapse; width: 600px; } .center {text-align: center;} .center table { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;} .center th { text-align: center !important; } .middle {vertical-align:middle;} td, th { border: 1px solid #000; font-size: 75%; vertical-align: baseline; padding: 3px; } h1 {font-size: 150%;} h2 {font-size: 125%;} .p {text-align: left;} .e {background-color: #ccccff; font-weight: bold; color: #000; width:50%; white-space:nowrap;} .h {background-color: #9999cc; font-weight: bold; color: #000;} .v {background-color: #cccccc; color: #000;} .vr {background-color: #cccccc; text-align: right; color: #000; white-space: nowrap;} .b {font-weight:bold;} .white, .white a {color:#fff;} img {float: right; border: 0px;} hr {width: 600px; background-color: #cccccc; border: 0px; height: 1px; color: #000;} .meta, .small {font-size: 75%; } .meta {margin: 2em 0;} .meta a, th a {padding: 10px; white-space:nowrap; } .buttons {margin:0 0 1em;} .buttons a {margin:0 15px; background-color: #9999cc; color:#fff; text-decoration:none; padding:1px; border:1px solid #000; display:inline-block; width:5em; text-align:center;} #files td.v a {font-weight:bold; color:#9999cc; margin:0 10px 0 5px; text-decoration:none; font-size:120%;} #files td.v a:hover {font-weight:bold; color:#ee0000;} .graph {display:inline-block; width:145px; margin:1em 0 1em 1px; border:0; vertical-align:top;} .graph table {width:100%; height:150px; border:0; padding:0; margin:5px 0 0 0; position:relative;} .graph td {vertical-align:middle; border:0; padding:0 0 0 5px;} .graph .bar {width:25px; text-align:right; padding:0 2px; color:#fff;} .graph .total {width:34px; text-align:center; padding:0 5px 0 0;} .graph .total div {border:1px dashed #888; border-right:0; height:99%; width:12px; position:absolute; bottom:0; left:17px; z-index:-1;} .graph .total span {background:#fff; font-weight:bold;} .graph .actual {text-align:right; font-weight:bold; padding:0 5px 0 0;} .graph .red {background:#ee0000;} .graph .green {background:#00cc00;} .graph .brown {background:#8B4513;} </style> <!--[if lt IE 9]><script type="text/javascript" defer="defer"> window.onload=function(){var i,t=document.getElementsByTagName('table');for(i=0;i<t.length;i++){if(t[i].parentNode.className=='graph')t[i].style.height=150-(t[i].clientHeight-150)+'px';}} </script><![endif]--> </head> <body> <div class="center"> <h1><a href="?">Opcache Control Panel</a></h1> <div class="buttons"> <a href="?ALL=1">Details</a> <a href="?FILES=1&GROUP=2&SORT=3">Files</a> <a href="?RESET=1" onclick="return confirm('RESET cache ?')">Reset</a> <?php if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate') ) { ?> <a href="?RECHECK=1" onclick="return confirm('Recheck all files in the cache ?')">Recheck</a> <?php } ?> <a href="?" onclick="window.location.reload(true); return false">Refresh</a> </div> <?php if ( !function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') ) { echo '<h2>Opcache not detected?</h2>'; die; } if ( !empty($_GET['FILES']) ) { echo '<h2>files cached</h2>'; files_display(); echo '</div></body></html>'; exit; } if ( !(isset($_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) && !$_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) && CACHEPREFIX=='opcache_') { graphs_display(); if ( !empty($_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) ) { exit; } } ob_start(); phpinfo(8); $phpinfo = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); // some info is only available via phpinfo? sadly buffering capture has to be used if ( !preg_match( '/module\_Zend (Optimizer\+|OPcache).+?(\<table[^>]*\>.+?\<\/table\>).+?(\<table[^>]*\>.+?\<\/table\>)/s', $phpinfo, $opcache) ) { } // todo if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration') ) { echo '<h2>general</h2>'; $configuration=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration'); } $host=function_exists('gethostname')?@gethostname():@php_uname('n'); if (empty($host)) { $host=empty($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])?$_SERVER['HOST_NAME']:$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']; } $version=array('Host'=>$host); $version['PHP Version']='PHP '.(defined('PHP_VERSION')?PHP_VERSION:'???').' '.(defined('PHP_SAPI')?PHP_SAPI:'').' '.(defined('PHP_OS')?' '.PHP_OS:''); $version['Opcache Version']=empty($configuration['version']['version'])?'???':$configuration['version'][CACHEPREFIX.'product_name'].' '.$configuration['version']['version']; print_table($version); if ( !empty($opcache[2]) ) { echo preg_replace('/\<tr\>\<td class\="e"\>[^>]+\<\/td\>\<td class\="v"\>[0-9\,\. ]+\<\/td\>\<\/tr\>/','',$opcache[2]); } if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') && $status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') ) { $uptime=array(); if ( !empty($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time']) ) { $uptime['uptime']=time_since($time,$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time'],1,''); } if ( !empty($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']) ) { $uptime['last_restart']=time_since($time,$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']); } if (!empty($uptime)) {print_table($uptime);} if ( !empty($status['cache_full']) ) { $status['memory_usage']['cache_full']=$status['cache_full']; } echo '<h2 id="memory">memory</h2>'; print_table($status['memory_usage']); unset($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time'],$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']); echo '<h2 id="statistics">statistics</h2>'; print_table($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']); } if ( empty($_GET['ALL']) ) { meta_display(); exit; } if ( !empty($configuration['blacklist']) ) { echo '<h2 id="blacklist">blacklist</h2>'; print_table($configuration['blacklist']); } if ( !empty($opcache[3]) ) { echo '<h2 id="runtime">runtime</h2>'; echo $opcache[3]; } $name='zend opcache'; $functions=get_extension_funcs($name); if (!$functions) { $name='zend optimizer+'; $functions=get_extension_funcs($name); } if ($functions) { echo '<h2 id="functions">functions</h2>'; print_table($functions); } else { $name=''; } $level=trim(CACHEPREFIX,'_').'.optimization_level'; if (isset($configuration['directives'][$level])) { echo '<h2 id="optimization">optimization levels</h2>'; $levelset=strrev(base_convert($configuration['directives'][$level], 10, 2)); $levels=array( 1=>'<a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_subexpression_elimination">Constants subexpressions elimination</a> (CSE) true, false, null, etc.<br />Optimize series of ADD_STRING / ADD_CHAR<br />Convert CAST(IS_BOOL,x) into BOOL(x)<br />Convert <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.init-fcall-by-name.php">INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME</a> + <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.do-fcall-by-name.php">DO_FCALL_BY_NAME</a> into <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.do-fcall.php">DO_FCALL</a>', 2=>'Convert constant operands to expected types<br />Convert conditional <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.jmp.php">JMP</a> with constant operands<br />Optimize static <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.brk.php">BRK</a> and <a href="<a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.cont.php">CONT</a>', 3=>'Convert $a = $a + expr into $a += expr<br />Convert $a++ into ++$a<br />Optimize series of <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.jmp.php">JMP</a>', 4=>'PRINT and ECHO optimization (<a href="https://github.com/zend-dev/ZendOptimizerPlus/issues/73">defunct</a>)', 5=>'Block Optimization - most expensive pass<br />Performs many different optimization patterns based on <a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_flow_graph">control flow graph</a> (CFG)', 9=>'Optimize <a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_allocation">register allocation</a> (allows re-usage of temporary variables)', 10=>'Remove NOPs' ); echo '<table width="600" border="0" cellpadding="3"><tbody><tr class="h"><th>Pass</th><th>Description</th></tr>'; foreach ($levels as $pass=>$description) { $disabled=substr($levelset,$pass-1,1)!=='1' || $pass==4 ? ' white':''; echo '<tr><td class="v center middle'.$disabled.'">'.$pass.'</td><td class="v'.$disabled.'">'.$description.'</td></tr>'; } echo '</table>'; } if ( isset($_GET['DUMP']) ) { if ($name) { echo '<h2 id="ini">ini</h2>'; print_table(ini_get_all($name,true)); } foreach ($configuration as $key=>$value) { echo '<h2>',$key,'</h2>'; print_table($configuration[$key]); } exit; } meta_display(); echo '</div></body></html>'; exit; function time_since($time,$original,$extended=0,$text='ago') { $time = $time - $original; $day = $extended? floor($time/86400) : round($time/86400,0); $amount=0; $unit=''; if ( $time < 86400) { if ( $time < 60) { $amount=$time; $unit='second'; } elseif ( $time < 3600) { $amount=floor($time/60); $unit='minute'; } else { $amount=floor($time/3600); $unit='hour'; } } elseif ( $day < 14) { $amount=$day; $unit='day'; } elseif ( $day < 56) { $amount=floor($day/7); $unit='week'; } elseif ( $day < 672) { $amount=floor($day/30); $unit='month'; } else { $amount=intval(2*($day/365))/2; $unit='year'; } if ( $amount!=1) {$unit.='s';} if ($extended && $time>60) { $text=' and '.time_since($time,$time<86400?($time<3600?$amount*60:$amount*3600):$day*86400,0,'').$text; } return $amount.' '.$unit.' '.$text; } function print_table($array,$headers=false) { if ( empty($array) || !is_array($array) ) {return;} echo '<table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="600">'; if (!empty($headers)) { if (!is_array($headers)) {$headers=array_keys(reset($array));} echo '<tr class="h">'; foreach ($headers as $value) { echo '<th>',$value,'</th>'; } echo '</tr>'; } foreach ($array as $key=>$value) { echo '<tr>'; if ( !is_numeric($key) ) { $key=ucwords(str_replace('_',' ',$key)); echo '<td class="e">',$key,'</td>'; if ( is_numeric($value) ) { if ( $value>1048576) { $value=round($value/1048576,1).'M'; } elseif ( is_float($value) ) { $value=round($value,1); } } } if ( is_array($value) ) { foreach ($value as $column) { echo '<td class="v">',$column,'</td>'; } echo '</tr>'; } else { echo '<td class="v">',$value,'</td></tr>'; } } echo '</table>'; } function files_display() { $status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status'); if ( empty($status['scripts']) ) {return;} if ( isset($_GET['DUMP']) ) { print_table($status['scripts']); exit;} $time=time(); $sort=0; $nogroup=preg_replace('/\&?GROUP\=[\-0-9]+/','',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); $nosort=preg_replace('/\&?SORT\=[\-0-9]+/','',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); $group=empty($_GET['GROUP'])?0:intval($_GET['GROUP']); if ( $group<0 || $group>9) { $group=1;} $groupset=array_fill(0,9,''); $groupset[$group]=' class="b" '; echo '<div class="meta"> <a ',$groupset[0],'href="',$nogroup,'">ungroup</a> | <a ',$groupset[1],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=1">1</a> | <a ',$groupset[2],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=2">2</a> | <a ',$groupset[3],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=3">3</a> | <a ',$groupset[4],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=4">4</a> | <a ',$groupset[5],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=5">5</a> </div>'; if ( !$group ) { $files =& $status['scripts']; } else { $files=array(); foreach ($status['scripts'] as $data) { if ( preg_match('@^[/]([^/]+[/]){'.$group.'}@',$data['full_path'],$path) ) { if ( empty($files[$path[0]])) { $files[$path[0]]=array('full_path'=>'','files'=>0,'hits'=>0,'memory_consumption'=>0,'last_used_timestamp'=>'','timestamp'=>''); } $files[$path[0]]['full_path']=$path[0]; $files[$path[0]]['files']++; $files[$path[0]]['memory_consumption']+=$data['memory_consumption']; $files[$path[0]]['hits']+=$data['hits']; if ( $data['last_used_timestamp']>$files[$path[0]]['last_used_timestamp']) {$files[$path[0]]['last_used_timestamp']=$data['last_used_timestamp'];} if ( $data['timestamp']>$files[$path[0]]['timestamp']) {$files[$path[0]]['timestamp']=$data['timestamp'];} } } } if ( !empty($_GET['SORT']) ) { $keys=array( 'full_path'=>SORT_STRING, 'files'=>SORT_NUMERIC, 'memory_consumption'=>SORT_NUMERIC, 'hits'=>SORT_NUMERIC, 'last_used_timestamp'=>SORT_NUMERIC, 'timestamp'=>SORT_NUMERIC ); $titles=array('','path',$group?'files':'','size','hits','last used','created'); $offsets=array_keys($keys); $key=intval($_GET['SORT']); $direction=$key>0?1:-1; $key=abs($key)-1; $key=isset($offsets[$key])&&!($key==1&&empty($group))?$offsets[$key]:reset($offsets); $sort=array_search($key,$offsets)+1; $sortflip=range(0,7); $sortflip[$sort]=-$direction*$sort; if ( $keys[$key]==SORT_STRING) {$direction=-$direction; } $arrow=array_fill(0,7,''); $arrow[$sort]=$direction>0?' ▼':' ▲'; $direction=$direction>0?SORT_DESC:SORT_ASC; $column=array(); foreach ($files as $data) { $column[]=$data[$key]; } array_multisort($column, $keys[$key], $direction, $files); } echo '<table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="960" id="files"> <tr class="h">'; foreach ($titles as $column=>$title) { if ($title) echo '<th><a href="',$nosort,'&SORT=',$sortflip[$column],'">',$title,$arrow[$column],'</a></th>'; } echo ' </tr>'; foreach ($files as $data) { echo '<tr> <td class="v" nowrap><a title="recheck" href="?RECHECK=',rawurlencode($data['full_path']),'">x</a>',$data['full_path'],'</td>', ($group?'<td class="vr">'.number_format($data['files']).'</td>':''), '<td class="vr">',number_format(round($data['memory_consumption']/1024)),'K</td>', '<td class="vr">',number_format($data['hits']),'</td>', '<td class="vr">',time_since($time,$data['last_used_timestamp']),'</td>', '<td class="vr">',empty($data['timestamp'])?'':time_since($time,$data['timestamp']),'</td> </tr>'; } echo '</table>'; } function graphs_display() { $graphs=array(); $colors=array('green','brown','red'); $primes=array(223, 463, 983, 1979, 3907, 7963, 16229, 32531, 65407, 130987); $configuration=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration'); $status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status'); $graphs['memory']['total']=$configuration['directives']['opcache.memory_consumption']; $graphs['memory']['free']=$status['memory_usage']['free_memory']; $graphs['memory']['used']=$status['memory_usage']['used_memory']; $graphs['memory']['wasted']=$status['memory_usage']['wasted_memory']; $graphs['keys']['total']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['max_cached_keys']; foreach ($primes as $prime) { if ($prime>=$graphs['keys']['total']) { $graphs['keys']['total']=$prime; break;} } $graphs['keys']['free']=$graphs['keys']['total']-$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_keys']; $graphs['keys']['scripts']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_scripts']; $graphs['keys']['wasted']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_keys']-$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_scripts']; $graphs['hits']['total']=0; $graphs['hits']['hits']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['hits']; $graphs['hits']['misses']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['misses']; $graphs['hits']['blacklist']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['blacklist_misses']; $graphs['hits']['total']=array_sum($graphs['hits']); $graphs['restarts']['total']=0; $graphs['restarts']['manual']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['manual_restarts']; $graphs['restarts']['keys']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['hash_restarts']; $graphs['restarts']['memory']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['oom_restarts']; $graphs['restarts']['total']=array_sum($graphs['restarts']); foreach ( $graphs as $caption=>$graph) { echo '<div class="graph"><div class="h">',$caption,'</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">'; foreach ($graph as $label=>$value) { if ($label=='total') { $key=0; $total=$value; $totaldisplay='<td rowspan="3" class="total"><span>'.($total>999999?round($total/1024/1024).'M'$total>9999?round($total/1024).'K':$total)).'</span><div></div></td>'; continue;} $percent=$total?floor($value*100/$total):''; $percent=!$percent||$percent>99?'':$percent.'%'; echo '<tr>',$totaldisplay,'<td class="actual">', ($value>999999?round($value/1024/1024).'M'
效果如下：
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